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Year 2008

Purim

 

Pesach

 

Shavuot

 

Shavuot

(Pentecost): Revealing of the Torah

Celebrated on the evening of Sunday, June 8, 2008

Biblical reference: Leviticus 23:15-23

“ From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off 50 days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the L-rd. From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of first fruits to the L-rd. Present with this bread seven male lambs, each a year old and without defect, one young bull and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the L-rd, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings-an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to the L-rd. Then sacrifice one male goat for a sin offering and two lambs each a year old, for a fellowship offering. The priest is to wave the two lambs before the L-rd as a wave offering, together with the bread of the first fruits. They are a sacred offering to the L-rd for the priest. On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly and do no regular work. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleaning of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and the alien. I am the L-rd your G-d.”

Background and Customs

Shavuot (Pentecost, Feast of Weeks) occurs on the sixth day of Sivan (and on the seventh of Sivan for those observing two days in the Diaspora). It celebrates the giving of the Torah, G-d’s gift to the Jewish people, which provides the written blueprint for how we are to conduct our lives both toward G-d and man. It also marks the rite of a new agricultural season- the bringing of the first fruits of the land to the Temple. However the agricultural rituals ceased with the destruction of the Temple. Yet a number of customs have arisen for Shavuot, the oldest of which are decorating the synagogue and home with green plants, branches and even trees, and the eating of dairy foods. Both are of obscure origin. The most common explanations for the floral motif are as follows:

1. The area around Mt. Sinai was green, according to the implication of “neither let the flocks and herds graze” (Exod.34:3)

2. According to one tradition, the day of judgment for trees is Shavuot. To focus our prayers for the trees, we put them in the synagogue.

3. They are a rememberance of the decorations on the baskets of first fruits brought to the Temple on Shavuot.

One of the favorite flowers we use on Shavuot is the rose, chosen because of a play on words in Esther8:14: “ And the decree [dat] was proclaimed in Shushan.” This verse is playfully reinterpreted to mean that the law was given with a rose (shoshan). Therefore, one custom was to scatter spices and roses around the synagogue to create a beautiful fragrance. This custom recalls a Midrash which states that the Israelites fainted from fear when G-d began to speak the Ten Commandments at Sinai and so G-d had to revive them with fragrant spices.

The eating of dairy foods is also of uncertain origin, but is particularly notable because for most holidays there is a call for eating meat, which is regarded as an expensive and substantial fare and thus appropriate for a special occasion. The most common explanation for this deviation is that when the Israelites received the laws of keeping kosher at Sinai, they realized that all their pots were not kosher and so ate uncooked dairy dishes instead. Some people eat dairy foods with honey in them because the Torah is likened to milk and honey.

Kabbalistic custom

A kabbalistic custom emanating from the mystics in Safed (16th century) is to stay up the whole first night of Shavuot studying Torah. The Tikkun- a set order of study- was composed of selections from the Bible, rabbinic literature, and even mystical literature such as the Zohar. In this fashion the kabbalists prepared for the momentous revelation of the following morning. The kabbalists also regard Shavuot as the wedding of G-d and Israel and of G-d’s masculine and feminine parts.

Services

The usual reading on Shavuot is the Book of Ruth, along with Exodus 19-20 describing the Revelation at Sinai which includes the Ten Commandments. The custom is to stand while these are being read, both to emphasize their importance to us, and in some small way, to imitate the experience at Sinai when the Jews stood to receive G-d’s revelation. Why the Book of Ruth? The story is set at harvest time and Ruth’s conversion to Judaism is analogous to our voluntary acceptance of the Torah and G-d’s covenant at Sinai.

 

Tish'a B'av

Tisha Be-Av (The Ninth of Av)   Sundown, August 9, 2008 to Sundown August 10, 2008 (5768)

The ninth of Av stands out from the other feasts related to the destruction of the temples, the other three being Tzom Gedaliah on Tishri 3 (seventh month); the fast of the 17th of Tammuz (fourth month); and the tenth of Tevet (tenth month). Tisha be-Av is so important because it marks the day when both temples were destroyed- the first temple by the Babylonias in 586B.C. and the second temple by the Romans in 70A.D. It is a major fast day and therefore bears some resemblance to the only other one in the Jewish calendar, Yom Kippur.

The fast begins at sundown from one day and ends sundown the next. The Midrash states that G-d marked the ninth of Av as a day of catastrophe because of the incident of the spies in the land of Canaan, and their subsequent false report due to their mistrust in G-d. G-d declared, “You wept without cause, I will therefore make this day an eternal day of mourning for you.” G-d then ordained the later destruction of the temple on that day and condemned the generation who had left Egypt to wander forty years in the desert and ultimately death because they were unworthy of entering the promised land. Other catastrophes associated with Tisha be-Av are the fall of Beitar ending the Bar Kochba rebellion (A.D. 135) and the expulsion of the Jews from England (1290) and from Spain (1492).

Tisha be-Av is marked by its strict mourning practices and the reading of the Book of Lamentations. It is preceded by a meal called the seudah ha-mafseket (“ the meal that interrupts)- that is, differentiates between a regular day and the day of fasting. It is usually a modest meal, usually consisting of food that is customarily provided for those in mourning- hard-boiled eggs and lentils. An old custom was to put ashes on the food.

There are a myriad of other rabbinic customs associated with this day, the above being only a few to demonstrate the tone of this day. We must keep in mind that this day along with the other three mentioned at the beginning of this article are all rabbinically designated days. You will not find them in Leviticus as with the G-d mandated festivals. However there is significant meaning attached to these days with poignant lessons that may be gleaned from them.

 

Rosh Hashanah

Fast of Gedalia

ROSH HA-SHANAH- The New Year begins at Sundown September 29th to September 30th at sundown 2008. This is like a fiscal year and not the biblical year. This is the biblical Feast of Trumpets.

In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe complete rest, a sacred occasion commemorated with loud blasts” [Lev.23:32]

Rosh ha-Shanah is referred to in the Torah as Yom Teruah- the Day of Sounding the Shofar- or Yom ha-Zikkaron- the Day of Remembering. It was not called Rosh ha-Shanah-the New Year- until Talmudic times. In the tradition, Rosh ha-Shanah as the New year is tied to the creation of the world. However as Messianic Jews we know that the Biblical New Year is actually in the month of Nisan. This festival is actually a foreshadow of the Rapture, or calling away of believers who will not be sealed to serve during the Tribulation.

The focal place for our observance of this festival is in the synagogue vs. in the home. The liturgy’s main theme is that of G-d as King. As we prepare for the Day of Judgment on Yom Kippur, we take this time to reflect on our behavior towards G-d and man and seek forgiveness as we repent of both overt sins and those of which we may not be aware. Our central prayer is that of the 13 merciful attributes of G-d taken from Exodus 34:6-7. In addition the shofar is blown as it will be when those who will be raptured are called into the air. On its most basic level, the shofar can be seen to express what we cannot find the right words to say. The blasts are the wordless cries of the people of Israel. The shofar is the instrument that sends those cries of longing soaring across the vastness of the heavens to YHVH.

Interestingly, in the Orthodox realm of Judaism, the mitzvah of the shofar is to hear the shofar being blown, not to actually blow it yourself, hence the blessing “to hear the sound of the shofar”. This would seem to fit perfectly with hearing the sound of the shofar as YHVH summons those who will be raptured to the Bridal supper!

Why is Rosh ha-Shanah Two Days? Unlike other festivals that are celebrated in the Diaspora for two days because of the uncertainty about the calendar, Rosh ha-Shanah is the only holiday celebrated for two days in Israel. The reason is the same as with all other festivals- that is, the uncertainty involved in a calendar that depended on when the new moon was promulgated by the rabbinic court in Jerusalem. The problem of Rosh ha-Shanah is heightened by the fact that it falls on Rosh Chodesh- the new moon itself; therefore, even in Jerusalem, it would have been difficult to let everyone know in the time that the New Year had begun. To solve this problem, a two -day Rosh ha-Shanah was practiced even in Israel. (Once the calendar was set, people in Israel observed only one day until the early Middle Ages, where the practice was changed back to observing two days.)

Tzom Gedaliah

Falls on the day after Rosh haShanah. This year it occurs on October 2, (Tishri 3).

This is a minor fast day commemorating the assassination of Gedaliah, the last governor of Judea. Following the destruction of the first temple in 586 B.C., the Babylonians appointed Gedaliah over the remaining Jews. His death marked the end of any remnant of Jewish sovereignty and led to the further dispersal of the Jewish people (Jeremiah 41-42). It is one of the four fast days concerning the destruction of the temple. Outside of traditional circles, it is not widely observed. It is not a Biblically mandated fast but serves to remind us of yet one more tragedy in the history of the Jewish people.

 

Shabbat Shuvah

YOM KIPPUR

Yom Kippur- Day of Atonement

October 8,2008 (Sundown)

Yom Kippur falls on the tenth of Tishri and brings the ten days of awe(repentance) that started with Rosh haShanah to a close. In temple times, Yom Kippur was a day of elaborate cultic rituals to effect atonement of the people. ON this day, G-d’s special name was pronounced by the high priest before the assembled masses in the temple courtyards. Yom Kippur has continued as the day of atonement, though the setting is now the synagogue instead of the temple, where traditionally the entire day is spent in prayer. To aid in focusing our minds on the task of atonement and repentance, we are told to “afflict” our bodies through fasting. Rabbinical Judaism has added other forms of abstinence to the day as well. These rabbinical restrictions include no bathing, no leather shoes, no sexual relations and no anointing the body with oil. All of these activities were considered pleasurable physically. This day is Biblically mandated as a complete Sabbath rest. “ It shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall practice self-denial; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall observe this your Sabbath.”(Lev. 23:32) We are meant to feel that the natural course of our existence is suspended on this day while our lives, or at least the quality of our lives, hangs in the balance. We are to face what a permanent suspension of existence- death- would be like, and thus better appreciate our lives.

Services

Kol Nidrei The evening service begins with one of the most famous passages chanted dramatically by the service leader. It proclaims null and void those vows and promises that we may make and fail to keep in the coming year. Thus, we begin Yom Kippur with a recognition that our best intentions can go astray. Kol Nidrei, written in Aramaic, is a legal formula, and a number of legal customs therefore surround its recital which are rabbinical in nature. There are a number of rabbinical additions to this day and the liturgy which are practiced to varying degrees in each synagogue.

At Beth Elohim we follow the Biblical command for the day as stated in Leviticus. Our members may follow the other forms of abstinence as mentioned above, but their observance is not mandatory. There are also four other services associated with Yom Kippur in traditional synagogues that will not be mentioned here.

 

Food

Of course this is a day of fasting. Yom Kippur is preceded and followed by meals that are affected by their relationship to it. The seudah ha mafseket, which precedes Yom Kippur, is a full meal usually consisting of soup, chicken, etc. To help with fasting, it is advisable to drink a lot of liquids the day before Yom Kippur. Those who have diabetes or other such illnesses and pregnant women and infants should not participate in this fast as it is detrimental to their health which takes precedence over the fast.

The post-Yom Kippur break-the-fast meal should be light and not very spicy so as to give the shrunken stomach time to get used to regular eating. Interestingly enough however, many congregations rush to their favorite restaurant after the last service for a meal fit for a king!

Other traditions

Some people wear a kittel, a white robe that is also used as a shroud at traditional funerals. On Yom Kippur, we are meant to feel the touch of death, for death cuts through all the defenses and illusions we have carefully created around our lives. The masks, disguises and clothes are all gone and only we and YHVH/Yashua remain. Thus, the first step in the process of repentance is to recognize without illusions who we really are. Only then are we ready to begin anew the struggle to purge those traits we do not like in ourselves and revitalize our souls for the new year. Feeling regret for the past, we commit ourselves to change- to do t’shuvah. The word t’shuvah is usually translated as repentance, but also means turning and returning, for the process involves turning back to G-d.

Why the New before the Old?

Why does Rosh haShanah precede Yom Kippur? Should it not be settling old accounts first, then starting a new year with the promise of change and growth?

The hope for a new year must precede a systematic review of the old, for it arouses us to the possibility of renewal. The new year calls on us to evaluate ourselves closely and become aware of who and where we are so that we can resolve to grow closer to G-d in the coming year. Once conscious of the new year and what it has to offer; another chance to grow and t’shuvah, we are ready to look back at our past. Conscious of the fact that change can occur if we make the effort, and that we have failed in many areas in the past, we can pause, take notice, thank G-d for another year of training, and continue the race toward the prize as stated by Sh’aul in the Brit Chadesha.

 

Yom Kippur Yizkor

Sukkot

Sukkot - G-d’s Provision

Begins October 13, 2008 (Sundown)

Sukkot, usually translated as Tabernacles or Festival of Booths, occurs for seven days, from Tishri 15-21. There is therefore a quick transition from the High Holy Days, with the somber mood of repentance and judgment, to a holiday of rejoicing and celebration for which we are commanded to build a hut (sukkah) and make it our temporary home.

Sukkot is the third pilgrimage festival. It marks the time of harvest, of the final ingathering of produce before the oncoming winter. It is a reminder of G-d’s provision during the exodus in the desert and the transient status we have in this world. It is a reminder that G-d provides. It is also a foreshadowing of G-d’s provision to come during the millennial kingdom and the ingathering of Israel (True believers). We celebrate a sense of fulfillment and security during this time. For the Messianic believer, we can easily see the prophetic importance of this festival.

In Biblical times, Sukkot was chosen for the consecration of the temple by Solomon (1 Kings 8). It was also the occasion every seven years for the ceremony of hak’heil - the public reading of the Torah before the whole people (Deut. 31:10-13). As mentioned in the preceding paragraph Sukkot is the festival of the future for in the messianic period, all the nations will come up to Jerusalem to celebrate this time. (Zech. 14:16)

There are three commandments concerning Sukkot found in the Torah: (1) living in the sukkah, (2) gathering together the four species, (3) rejoicing during the holiday.

The Sukkah

“ You shall live in huts seven days; all citizens of Israel shall live in huts, in order that future generations may know that I made the Israelite people live in huts when I brought them out of the land of Egypt, I the L-rd your G-d. (Lev. 23:42,43).

The most important ritual of Sukkot is spending time in the sukkah. It is a temporary structure usually constructed of at least three walls covered with a roof of branches. The temporary nature of the sukkah reminds us of the impermanence of our lives, the fact that we are pilgrims on this earth and that G-d always provides for His people. We are to spend time eating and sleeping ( if possible) in the sukkah, away from the comforts of our “other home” which may include television, air conditioning, etc. We are to spend time in study in the sukkah, reflecting on the purpose of this time. In Florida we must take care to use insect spray or provide a bug screen around our sukkah to prevent unpleasant insect bites! The roof must be covered with an organic material such as branches or leaves. We must be able to see the stars through the covering. This too allows us to reflect on HaShem and His continual provision, even lighting the night sky. It reminds us that we can safely trust HaShem in all circumstances.

There is a traditional blueprint for building a sukkah, but Sukkot can be made in a variety of ways. It is important to keep the roof open enough to see the stars at night and to have at least three walls, and to have the roof made of organic material, However, there is room for creativity for the rest of the structure. Some use lattice walls, some use PVC piping. Trees, cement blocks and other materials may be used. Use your imagination! Don’t let the important meaning of the festival become overshadowed with such details!

Because this holiday is one of celebration and anticipation of the future events to which it foreshadows, the Talmud suggests hanging decorations of various types on and in the sukkah. Standard decorations include paper chains, fruit, Indian corn, pictures of Jerusalem, etc. There is a special obligation to eat in the sukkah the first night and to dedicate the sukkah. On the first night of Sukkot, we light the candles in the sukkah and recite:

Blessed are you, L-rd our G-d, King of the universe, who has sanctified us through His commandments, commanding us to light the festival lights.

Then we recite the shehekeyanu blessing:

Blessed are you, L-rd our G-d, King of the universe, for keeping us in life, for sustaining us, and for helping us reach this moment.

Unlike the practice for Shabbat candle lighting, we first say the blessing and then light the candles.

Ushpizin

There is a custom of inviting ushpizin - symbolic guests- each day to join us in the sukkah. These honorary guests are Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, and Davis. One is invited each day. This custom was popularized by the kabbalists, each guest represented one of the sefirot- the spheres that make up the universe- in the kabbalistic system. Another connection is that all of these guests were wanderers. The theme of homelessness and wandering along with the transient nature of the sukkah is reflected in the lives of these ushpizin.

The Four Species

The other important mitzvah is that of the arba minim- the four sepcies- also called the lulav and etrog (palm branch and citron).

“ On the first day you shall take the product of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the L_rd your G-d seven days. [Lev. 23:40]

The four species emphasize the agricultural nature of Sukkot. There is a specific method of using the four species during this festival that will be demonstrated in the synagogue as we celebrate the first night together.

Another interpretation of the four species is the zymology associated with four types of Jews.

The etrog has a taste and fragrance and so stands for those Jews who possess learning and good deeds. The palm tree has taste but not fragrance, like Jews who possess learning but not good deeds. The myrtle has fragrance but not taste, like Jews who possess good deeds but not learning. The willow has neither, just as there are Jews who are neither good nor learned. There are other interpretations but we shall not cover them all in this article.

This is a time of hospitality in the most basic sense. We are encouraged to invite those who do not have a sukkah to share in ours. We are encouraged to give food to the poor and donate to other charities. After all, G-d provides for us and we may be used of G-d to provide in some small way for others!

Spending time for seven days in our Sukkot should remind us that we are not to strive for an ascetic life, but instead strive for the shelter made of trust in the faithfulness of Yahshua and trust(obedience) in G-d’s Torah. It is to remind us of all these things so that the other weeks of the year, our homes are different, or sheltering is different, and our relationships to G-d and other people are different. Seven days spending time in the sukkah gives us plenty of time to think on these things.

  

 

Ha-Mo'ed

HoShana Rabba

Hoshana Rabbah

Observed on the seventh day of Sukkot.

This year (2008) 20 October (21st Tishri)

Hoshana Rabbah ( literally, the Great Hosanna or the numerous hosannas) is the seventh day of Sukkot.It should have been a full festival day but it is not, because of Shemini Atzeret, which follows it. However, it has some unique rituals and customs that make the day more like a full festival day than any of the intermediate days.

The most important of these rituals are the circling of the synagogue seven times instead of once while carrying the four species and reciting the hoshana prayers. The second is the beating of the willows.

The hoshanot are performed like those of the other days of Sukkot except that many or all of the Torah scrolls are taken from the ark. One tradition is to take out seven Torah scrolls and return one to the ark with each circuit. Another custom is to carry a separate bunch of willows that will be beaten on the floor. A less common practice is blowing the shofar at the end of each circuit.

In temple times, branches were struck against the ground near the altar. This ritual probably symbolized a casting away of sins and is the reason that Hoshana Rabbah is still known as the final day of Judgment. Today this ritual comes at the end of hoshanot and involves beating a bunch of willows against a chair or the ground. This is a rabbinic commandment as is other customs and rituals performed on this day.

Hoshanah Rabbah customs may include a festive meal following the morning service. The meal features nuts, meat and carrots cut into rings (the shape being a sign of wealth). People wish each other pikta tava- literally, a good note, but meaning a good writ of judgment. This is based on the Zohar (Tsav 31b): “The seventh day of the festival is the close of the judgment of the world, and writs of judgment issue from the sovereign.”

Another custom is to stay up the whole night of Hoshana Rabbah to recite and study a text called tikkun leil hoshana rabbah . This practice was prominent in kabbalistic circles. Its purpose was to make sure you finished Deuteronomy before the Torah reading was completed on Simchat Torah. For the kabbalists, the tikkun was an attempt to “unite” the night and the day through Torah and prayer. There are other variations of this custom that will not be addressed in this article.

The afternoon of Hoshana Rabbah is the winding down of Sukkot. Some people visit the sukkah one last time and recite the following prayer: May it be that we merit to swell in the sukkah made of Leviathan”.

If we look at the Biblically mandated festivals in Leviticus 23, Hoshana Rabbah will not be found. These customs along with this day are celebrated in traditional synagogues where rabbinical Judaism and the oral Torah are viewed as at least as important if not sometimes more important than the written Torah commandments and statutes. We at Beth Elohim as Messianic believers follow the written Torah and as such, G-d’s commands, regulations and statutes. Rabbinical practices are not discouraged as long as they do not conflict with G-d’s written Word. Therefore, we do not celebrate this day as a congregation.

 

Shemini Azeret

Shemini Atzeret

Observed from sundown October 20 to sundown October 21, 2008

This is a Biblically mandated day of observance and a holy convocation.

“ … on the eighth day you are to have a holy convocation and bring an offering made by fire to Adonai; it is a day of public assembly; do not do any kind of ordinary work.” (Lev. 23:36) The word atzeret means to “hold back” as in to tarry a bit longer with G-d one more day during Sukkot.

The connection to the Torah was made as a result of synagogue liturgy. At this time of year, the end of the Book of Deuteronomy was read in the synagogue, completing the reading of the whole Torah. On the Shabbat after Shemini Atzeret, the cycle was begun again with the reading of Genesis 1:1. To celebrate the completion of the cycle, the following holiday of Simchat Torah was developed. Simchat Torah will be discussed as a separate event link on the website.

Shemini Atzeret is a full festival day marked by the usual rituals of Kiddush, candleighting, etc. and by the prohibition on working. The blessing sheheheyanu is recited at candle lighting and at Kiddush. The lulav and etrog are not used ritually on Shemini Atzeret; and though Kiddush is recited in the sukkah, both in the evening and morning, the blessing leisheiv ba-sukkah is omitted. (In Israel, most people do not use the sukkah on Shemini Atzeret since it is clearly NOT Sukkot.

The uniqeness of this day is found in the tefillat geshem, the prayer for rain. It is analogous to the prayer for dew recited at the beginning of Pesach. Each marks a transition point in the agricultural year in Israel. We pray for rain on Shemini Atzeret because the rainy season (winter) is coming. Other than this prayer for rain, Shemini Atzeret is marked by the recital of yizkor- the memorial prayer for the dead. This is customarily said on the last day of a festival. However, Shemini Atzeret is regarded in this respect as the last day of Sukkot even in those communities where the ninth day is celebrated.

We will be celebrating Shemini Atzeret as a Biblically mandated festival for those who are able to participate at the synagogue.

 

Yizkor

Simchat Torah

Chanukah

Hanukkah

Observed Dec 22, 2008

This is a rabbinical ordained holiday lasting eight days beginning with the 25th of Kislev. Hanukkah is a word actually meaning “dedication”, referring to the rededication of the temple.

Although many of us are aware to some degree of the Hanukkah story, of the victory of the Maccabees against the Greeks and of the miracle of the cruse of oil that burned for eight days instead of one, upon closer examination of the holiday, the early history is not so clear, and the story is not so simple.

The common version must be reviewed before going into its sources in detail. In the fourth century B.C., Alexander the Great with his Greek armies conquered the Near East including Israel. After his death, the empire split apart. The land of Israel, after a period of struggle, came under the control of the Seleucid dynasty, which ruled the region of Syria. In the year 167B.C., the king Antiochus Epiphanes decided to force all the peoples under his rule to hellenize. The practice of Jewish rituals such as the Sabbath and circumcision was outlawed. The worship of Greek gods and sacrifice of pigs replaced the traditional worship in the temple. Some Jews eagerly flocked to the gymnasium, symbol of the Greek emphasis on the beauty and strength of the body. Other resisted Hellenism and died as martyrs.

One day the Greeks came to the village of Modi’in and set up an altar. They commanded the Jews to bring a pig as a sacrifice to show obedience to Antiochus’s decree. Mattathias, an old priest, was so enraged when he saw a jew about to do so that he killed him. He and his five sons then fought the Greek detachment, retreated to the mountains, and began a guerrilla war against the Greeks and their Jewish allies. Before he died of old age, Mattathias passed on the leadership to his son Judah the Maccabee. Judah led his forces against a series of armies sent by Antiochus, and through superior strategy and bravery he defeated them all. Finally, he and his followers liberated Jerusalem and reclaimed the temple from its defilement by the Greeks. They could only find one small cruse of oil, enough to last one day, but when they lit the temple menorah with it, a miracle occurred and the menorah burned for eight days. Since then we celebrate Hanukkah to remember the Maccabees and their successful fight for independence against the Greeks, and most of all the miracle of the oil.

Interestingly, there is a deeper meaning to this holiday most likely unknown to traditional Jews. According to the Biblical timeline Yahshua would have been conceived about this time. Hence, the “Light of the world”, Yahshua is celebrated in the Messianic Jewish synagogues as well as the miracle of the oil. Indeed the middle candle of the Hanakiah is the Shamesh candle from which all the others are lit. This may be likened to the branches (believers) getting their life from the (vine) Yahshua. There are other multiple meanings and symbology attached to the hanukkah menorah; these are but a few.

Traditions

Like the holiday itself, the ritual of lighting the menorah is rabbinically ordained. The menorah is lighted each night after sundown. One light is added each night until all eight are lighted by the last night of the holiday. It is customary to place the menorah in the window so all who pass by can see. Although lighting one menorah fulfills the mitzvah, many families have a menorah for each member. The lighting procedure is as follows:

The correct number of candles are placed in the menorah, beginning at your right. Each subsequent night you add one candle, starting at the right and moving left. After the candles are set, you light the shammash, the helper candle, which usually has a distinct place on the menorah apart from or above the other candles. Before lighting the candles, the following blessings are recited:

Praised are you, L-rd our G-d, King of the universe, who has sanctified our lives through His commandments, commanding us to kindle the Hanukkah lights.

Praised are you, L-rd our G-d, King of the universe, who performed miracles for our ancestors, in those days, in this season.

On the first night only we recite the she-he-heyanu:

Praised are you, L-rd our G-d, King of the universe, for giving us life, for sustaining us, and for helping us to reach this moment.

Then use the shammash to light the candle. After the first night, begin the lighting with the candle that has been added. Thus you always begin on the left and end on the right- the opposite way you place the candles in the menorah.

Although gifts are usually exchanged during Hanukkah in the Diaspora, in Israel elaborate gift giving is not widely practiced. It is more common to teach the children the act of charity. Therefore, children are often given money to share with others or a charitable cause decided upon by the family. Sometimes the hanukkah gelt is given to each child as a gift as well.

It is also an old custom to play games, the most popular being dreidel (sevivon) in modern Hebrew. Though the rabbis of the Middle Ages opposed playing games of chance, they permitted them during the long nights of Hanukkah. The dreidel is a top with a different Hebrew letter inscribed on each of its four sides -nun,gimel,heh,shin. They form an acronym for the phrase Neis gadol hayah sham- “A great miracle happened there.” In Israel the letter shin is replaced by a peh for the word poh- “A great miracle happened here.”

According to the Talmud; rabbi Joshua ben Levi, “Women are obligated to light the Hanukkah menorah for they took part in the miracle” (Shabbat 23a). How is this so? Here is one of two stories told.

The Syrian governor demanded that Jewish brides be first given to him on their wedding nights. When the daughter of the high priest finished her wedding ceremony, she tore off her clothes and stood naked before all the guests, whereupon her brothers became enraged with her and wanted to kill her. She said, “ Over my nakedness you become angry, but over what the governor will do to me you remain silent.” Roused to fury, her brothers went to the governor and killed him. Thus the revolt started.

We celebrate the first night of Hanukkah at Beth Elohim. However, you should also light the candles of your own menorahs when you return home. We typically have music, pass out candy gelt to the children and have a nice Oneg. It is a wonderful time to remember both the miracle of the oil and the bravery of the Maccabees, and to celebrate our Messiah Yahshua, the Light of the world. The rabbi also presents a wonderful Hanukkah count explaining each night that he will make available this year as in all other years.

Simchat Torah

Observed sunset October 21,2008

The rituals around Simchat Torah which means (Rejoice in the Torah) revolve around the completion and beginning again of the cycle of Torah readings. In Israel Simchat Torah and Shemini Atzeret are celebrated on the same night. Outside Israel however, they are celebrated separately one after the other. The completion is marked by hakkafot- circling- that are similar in form to the hoshana ritual of Sukkot. In many synagogues, such as our at Beth Elohim, these seven circles around the synagogue are done by passing the Torah to each of seven people in the circle while the congregation participating in the circling and those who sit and watch sing or sing and dance. This is in honor of the Torah and another chance to read and learn more of the treasures within its pages for another cycle.

There are several verses which are read praising G-d and Torah. There are several other customs and traditions as well depending on the congregation and the sect of Judaism. Another of the more common customs is for the children to wave flags reminiscent of the tribal flags under which the Israelites marched in the desert. (We will try and order some for this day)

There is no special Oneg but folks usually bring some snacks of various kinds. There is no strict protocol concerning food.

 

1st Chanukah Light in the eve

Chanukah ends with lighting of the eighth light

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